Under the Mango Tree by Hugh Aaron - 4693 Words

UNDER THE MANGO TREE by Hugh Aaron ONE would think we were a couple of returning heroes. â€Å"Americanos, Americanos,† the naked children shouted, zigzagging like circus clowns in mad circles around us as Billiard Ball and I ambled abreast down the beaten path through the shade of the green canopy. Heavy duffel bags hanging from our shoulders were laden with gifts: bottles of beer, cartons of cigarettes, cans of fruit juice. Repeatedly sweeping past us like zephyrs, each child snatched a bar of sweet chocolate from our extended hands. We were no less boisterous than they, shouting along with them, asking their names, having a good time ourselves, caught up in the infectious joy of their freewheeling abandon. Such was the†¦show more content†¦Although my father had lost the wealth gained during his most vigorous years, and he had lost his daring and capacity to dream for the rest of his life, he never lost his belief in America. In its worst time s the nation somehow provided opportunity for survival. When the meal was over, Anita handed me a sleeping mat, which I unrolled on the floor beside those of my hosts. It was too hot to be out in the high sun of the early afternoon. What could be more sensible than to have a cool siesta? In two hours Anita awakened me from a soft sleep. Lucio had returned to the field, her mother was elsewhere, and her grandmother squatted quietly in a corner weaving a mat. â€Å"My father has asked me to show you the mango tree,† she said. â€Å"Will you come with me, please?† We walked down the path to the highway, at first side by side, but soon she fell behind. â€Å"Am I going too fast for you?† â€Å"No, no,† she said, urging me to keep on ahead. She continued to linger behind. â€Å"Are you tired?† â€Å"No, no,† and she giggled in amusement. â€Å"It’s the custom in Lubao that I walk behind.† Since the concrete highway was blistering, w e walked along the narrow dirt shoulder, which was less hot but still burned through the soles of my GI boots. Anita, barefoot as usual, didn’t seem to mind. Nor, in her white dress and wide brimmed woven hat, did she seem bothered by the afternoon sun beating down on us, while I perspired heavily and had to stop to rest now and then under a tree. AlthoughShow MoreRelatedRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagesrights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate

The Effect Of The French Revolution On The Artistic...

The effect of the French Revolution on the artistic foundation of French people, and eventually the world at large, it’s incalculable. Two styles of the styles that permeated the developments of the French Revolution were the Neoclassical and the Romantic style, which mixed Baroque and Rococo elements. (Metropolitan Museum of Art). The major artistic style in France, however, at about that time, was the Neoclassical. Elements such as scientific advancements and excavations of ancient sites, yielded historical and cultural discoveries that allowed for the expansion of artistic examples, which were available to artists, around the world. As Europe began to fall under Napoleonic invasions, many European countries experienced dramatic economic, social, cultural, and of course, artistic changes. Additionally, the French revolution the church and the nobles of the time finally lost their grip on European countries, thus, giving entrance to a new era of economic growth and radical changes, including artistic variations, in European forms of art, which eventually would contribute to changes in other parts of the world, including the early artistic elements within the United States and other countries around the world. More specifically, one of the ways in which the French Revolution affected painters from the Romantic style can be seen in scenes depicted as â€Å"fete Galantes† (elegant outdoor entertainments) by Jean-Antoine Watteau, which reflect a shift from discreetnessShow MoreRelatedJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1139 Words   |  5 Pagesattitudes and beliefs is seen in Elizabeth s attitude toward Lady De Bourgh and in Charlotte s view of opposing marriage for love. Finally, it is seen in dependence on thinking for oneself as Elizabeth and Darcy learn to do. Romanticism was an artistic, literary, and intellectual movement which originated in Europe toward the end of the 18th century. Jane Austen rejected the ideals of Romanticism, which focused on the power of feeling and the abandonment of restraint. Pride and Prejudice focusedRead MoreAnalysis of Bernard Merchands Paris: History of a City1496 Words   |  6 Pagesof a historian who seeks to write of its history.The entire  history of Paris  spans over the course of two thousand years. It is  entwined  within the histories of France and Europe. Its story filled with countless wars, kings, and revolutions, monuments, ideas, and artistic development. Paris is home to a multitude of festivals and funerals, palaces and workshops, churches and sewers, prelates and prostitutes. Writing of such a city can be daunting, but many writers have taken on that task. This essayRead MoreBallet As Part Of The Romantic Era1729 Words   |  7 Pageswere many eras of Ballet such as Ballet de Court (1600’s) and Ballet de action (1700’s). The 19th Century in particular saw a significant development in Ballet as part of the Romantic Era. Following the French Revolution (1789-1799) there was a new social enlightenment and opportunity for people push boundaries, break social norms and challenge morals and ideas. This massive shift in society saw the beginning of the Romantic era; a period in which writers, poets, artists and dancers had the freedomRead MoreWhy Art often Symbolizes Death691 Words   |  3 Pagesaverage life expectancy was 24 years old. The prospect of Death was terrifying to them and these artistic representations would have allowed them to keep their ancestors alive. Reassurance, however, is only half of story. Some have used images of death for opposite effect, to exploit our fear of death. For example French painter Jacques Louis David used the image of the leader Marat, of the revolution murdered to gain support for their cause. The SS used images such as skulls and cross bones on theirRead More Romanticism in European Art and Culture Essay2490 Words   |  10 PagesOf all the movements in European art, Romanticism has by far the most difficult origins to pinpoint due to the broadness of its beginnings, artistic expressions, and time frame. Inspired by â€Å"nature, an awareness of the past, a religious spirit, and an artistic ideal† (Barron’s 6), Romanticism is one of the most significant influences on European culture. By looking at modern paintings, we can see the influence Romanticism has had throughout the generations. With Romanticism, artists have been ableRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein 1527 Words   |   7 Pagesexcluded to challenge the dominant discourse and this appears to be one of many things the creature substantially appears to represent.1 There is a critique of beauty in Frankenstein on anaesthetic grounds as well as what is ethical. The theoretical foundation for which can be found in Mary Shelley s mother, Mary Wollstonecraft s book on the Vindication of the Rights of Women 2. Her mother s influence appears to have a significant impact on Shelley s work of Frankenstein and should not be underestimatedRead MoreThe Effects of World War One on French Theatre Essay3095 Words   |  13 PagesThe Effects of World War One on French Theatre At the turn of the century Paris was one of the capitals of culture and art to the outside world. However, the truth of the matter was that this taboo-ridden society was being run by an aristocracy that was repressing the arts. Naturally, when World War 1 broke out, the suppressed French society finally had a release and a rebellion against order arose. WWI specifically affected the theatre of French and it’s aftermath. From the ashes of war the avant-gardeRead MoreEssays on Vehicular Pollution3726 Words   |  15 Pagesinfluence felt throughout society, Romanticism was more widespread both in its origins and influence. No other intellectual/artistic movement has had comparable variety, reach, and staying power since the end of the Middle Ages. Beginning in Germany and England in the 1770s, by the 1820s it had swept through Europe, conquering at last even its most stubborn foe, the French. It traveled quickly to the Western Hemisphere, and in its musical form has triumphed around the globe, so that from LondonRead MoreEssays on Vehicular Pollution3733 Words   |  15 Pagesinfluence felt throughout society, Romanticism was more widespread both in its origins and influence. No other intellectual/artistic movement has had comparable variety, reach, and staying power since the end of the Middle Ages. Beginning in Germany and England in the 1770s, by the 1820s it had swept through Europe, conquering at last even its most stubborn foe, the French. It traveled quickly to the Western Hemisphere, and in its musical form has triumphed around the globe, so that from London toRead MoreEssay about 17th Century Culture2079 Words   |  9 Pagesinfluenced by Christianity, life, love, symbolism, allegory, and morbidity. The artist Michelangel Merisi da Caravaggio a leading artist during this period used a â€Å"combination of religious scenes in everyday locales filled with rough looking common people† (Kleiner 549) along with the intensity of the dramatic Baroque passion for richness in color and texture. One of Caravaggio’s most famous pieces of art was the Entombment of Christ, and David with the Head of Goliath, for which â€Å"he painted his own

Infection Control for Measles for Healthcare- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theInfection Control for Measles for Healthcare. Answer: Introduction: A significant chunk of Healthcare is associated with infection and prevention or management of it. Since the very beginning of human civilization, infections has been one of the greatest reasons behind the loss of a huge proportion of lives, due to racing outbreaks of different infection pathogens. However, the Healthcare industry has advanced considerably, and in the new and improved amendments of Healthcare standards, outstanding infection control policies deserves a specific recognition. These infection control policies have been extremely beneficial for facilitating successful management and even prevention of potential infection epidemics (Miller and Palenik 2014). This assignment will focus on infection control policies and a possible breach situation taking the example of measles infection. Risk factors and risk event: Measles is considered to be one of the most highly contagious infectious diseases, and it is known to target 20 million people on an annual basis. The measles virus is considered to be an airborne pathogen and it is easily transmitted from one person to another by the affected person coughing or sneezing anywhere near the unaffected individual. The motor method of transmission from one person to another phase wire aerosolized droplet nuclei, hence the infection control policy for this virus needs to focus both on airborne routes and direct contact. Hard hygiene policy is an absolute mandate for handling measles patient along with use of personal protection equipments to avoid direct contact transmission, as per the NSW infection control policy (Health.nsw.gov.au. 2017). Example of Breach: Although the main purpose behind the infection control policies are to ensure optimal health and safety for both the patients in the Healthcare facility and the staff caring for patience with measles or any other infectious diseases, infection control policy breach is also an unintentional albeit common occurrence. In this scenario, infection control policy breach can easily occur by either the care staff not using PPE while handling a measles patient or by not maintaining the 5 moments of hand hygiene strictly. And as the mode of transmission for this disease is airborne via serialized droplet nuclei such a breach can avail cause an outbreak of hospital acquired measles infection in the facility (Maltezou and Wicker 2016). Strategies for prevention of breach: While adherence to infection control policies are extremely necessary in case of health care facilities, it also needs to be mentioned that a breach is mostly unintentional and facilitated by a mishap in one of the meticulous steps of the protocol. The health care staff responsible for a breach are penalized heavily as well, when, keeping the workload and burnout under consideration, a mistake can always occur. On the other hand a infection control policy breaches can be effectively avoided if a step by step policy compliance strategy can be implemented (Ma etval., 2016). The very step to this strategy should be analysis of the breach situation, identify caption of the contributing factors behind the breach, and finally qualitative analysis of these reasons to formulate strategies to avoid these issues from being formed. The next step should be a diligent and strict monitoring body that can overlook the activities of the care providers and their level of compliance to the infection control policies. Third step should be periodic evaluation of whether the staff has the access to adequate infection control supplies. Often the health care staff do not have enough understanding of the benefits of infection control policies, and often they do not have skills to adhere to each component of the protocols. A training and skill improvement workshop focussing on infection control policies can be exponentially beneficial in helping the staff understand the value of infection control and the direct benefits of this policy on the health and safety of both the patients and themselves (Lim, Ho and O'reilly 2016). Dissemination of information: Infection control guidelines are important legislative guidelines and a breach in the infection control policies demand legal and lawful consequences. In the face of a policy breach, the legal guidelines direct at both verbal and formal communication of the breach information to all key stakeholders, such as. The disclosure of any subjective or objective data to outside personnel is strictly prohibited and is considered violating the privacy and confidentiality (Filia et al., 2016). Conclusion: Measles is a fairly common yet alarmingly contagious infectious diseases, and therefore strict infection control policies are implemented to keep the outbreak of this particular virus under complete control. However infection control policy breach poses a significant threat to avoiding such outbreaks; although it can be concluded that adhering to a simple and organized strategy can drastically improve compliance to such policies and prevent policy breaches before it can take place. References Filia, A., Bella, A., Cadeddu, G., Milia, M.R., Del Manso, M., Rota, M.C., Magurano, F., Nicoletti, L. and Declich, S., 2015. Extensive nosocomial transmission of measles originating in cruise ship passenger, Sardinia, Italy, 2014.Emerging infectious diseases,21(8), p.1444. Health.nsw.gov.au. (2017). Influenza. [online] Available at: https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/Infectious/Influenza/Pages/default.aspx [Accessed 19 Sep. 2017]. Lim, L.L., Ho, S.A. and O'reilly, M., 2016. In-flight transmission of measles: Time to update the guidelines?.American journal of infection control,44(8), pp.958-959. Ma, C., Gregory, C.J., Hao, L., Wannemuehler, K.A., Su, Q., An, Z., Quick, L., Rodewald, L., Ma, F., Yan, R. and Song, L., 2016. Risk factors for measles infection in 07 month old children in China after the 2010 nationwide measles campaign: A multi-site casecontrol study, 20122013.Vaccine,34(51), pp.6553-6560. Maltezou, H.C. and Wicker, S., 2013. Measles in health-care settings.American journal of infection control,41(7), pp.661-663. Miller, C.H. and Palenik, C.J., 2014.Infection Control and Management of Hazardous Materials for the Dental Team5: Infection Control and Management of Hazardous Materials for the Dental Team. Elsevier Health Sciences.

Marriage in Al

Introduction The current world order and its inherent values are largely contrary to traditional cultural values. Many of the traditional values are under scrutiny with youths advocating for redefinition of what was formerly taken for granted. Globalization as a phenomenon means there is higher interaction between cultures.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Marriage in Al-Khobar specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The traditional cultures and values that characterized societal norms are under great pressure. In many people’s eyes, some values advocated by our forefathers are archaic and not practical in our time. Alkhobar is largely Islamic; Islamic teachings, just like the teachings of other many religions, are threatened with corrosive effects of a liberal global culture. The institution of marriage has not been spared; the youths’ approach or attitude to marriage is largely different from traditional conceptions. This report explores issues related to marriage in Alkhobar City. The report is based on observations I made after questioning fellow students, friends and relatives. I strongly relied on social networks to gather the data that informs this report. The report is also informed by secondary sources on marriage that I went through to clarify certain observations. Definition of Marriage Marriage is generally defined as union between a man and a woman. Two people of different sexes come together in a formally recognized union. In the western countries, some legislation recognizes the union of same sex people as marriage. This is highly questionable and is overly condemned by religious leaders. Purpose and Importance of Marriage The main purpose of marriage according to Islamic teaching is widening the Islamic nation through building family or procreation (Cornell, 57). It is believed that marriage brings peace and tranquility as it enables meeting of one’s physical, s ocial and psychological needs. Therefore, marriage is important because it is a precondition to the formation of a family. Moreover, it contributes in a big way to man and woman finding peace and tranquility in this world (Garry, 13). The family is the basic unit or society around which society takes shape. Without marriage, family would not be possible and consequently society. In marriage, man and woman properly channel their physical needs. In this institution, they are able to take responsibility for their actions. The greatest responsibility that comes with a man and a woman coming together is the possibility of offspring. When biological needs of men and women are channeled within the context of marriage, in case of offspring, proper care is possible.Advertising Looking for essay on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Secondly, in marriage, men and women find emotional as well as mental support. Within the context of marriage, man and woman become family and support each other as one unit. Through worse and good, they share and stand by each other. They share and discuss issues thus coming up with better ways of responding to challenges in this world. Companionship is a great aspect of marriage life. A marriage partner is a companion that one shares with and works with on given life assignments. It has to be noted that avoiding marriage often leads to bad ills in society. Some people die of loneliness especially once they begin to age. For example, a lady who has been living a high life and avoiding marriage is likely to find self not attracting much attention once she is in late thirties or forties. Living a single life may appear cool and full of freedom but it has its consequences (Garry, 20). It often means dealing with people who are only interested in fulfilling their lust and moving on. It also means not having any committed partner to rely on in hard times. Modern Attitudes to wards Marriage In the traditional days, marriage was a given and men and women married as they wished as long as they had enough wealth. In our times, some people seem not to be very keen on marriage. I posed the question to fellow friends on whether marriage is cool and I got very mixed reactions. From the responses, it appears like many young people are not very enthusiastic about getting married or marrying. Young people think that marriage is too demanding and does not work. The liberal ideologies of the west seem to have found way into our colleges and universities. People are beginning to tend to think that freedom is an absolute. Can man or woman be totally free? Can we think of freedom without responsibility? Unfortunately, freedom always goes hand in hand with responsibilities. Types or forms of Marriage Most marriages in Alkhobar tend towards a one man, one woman kind of setting or relationship. It is not just in Alkhobar, it is generally accepted around the world that one man, one woman is the most desirable kind of marriage. However, it is interesting to note that there are also many polygamous families here in Alkhobar and around the world. I understand very well that Islamic teaching does not prohibit polygamy. There are some people that believe polygamy is a solution to many unfaithfulness related problems in marriages. However, the young people I interacted with are not by any chance interested in polygamy. Among youngsters, polygamy is understood as being degrading for the women. Secondly, due to many life challenges due to changing socio-economic factors, polygamy is untenable.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Marriage in Al-Khobar specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The anti-polygamy wave is largely understood by traditionalist thinkers in Alkhobar as being a western influence. Those who support polygamy understand monogamous arrangements as mere perpetuations of western val ues. The pro-polygamy campaigners argue that the ratio of women to men is high. Through polygamy all women can find a husband. Secondly, pro-polygamy campaigners argue that by such an arrangement, extra-marital affairs will be reduced. In response to this assertion, the anti-polygamist point out that not all men can attend satisfactorily to many wives. If the women’s needs are not fully met, they turn to other men thus perpetuating unfaithfulness. The pro-polygamist also argue that through such like an arrangement, widows and orphans can find maintainers and provider. Such an argument relies on the thinking that men are supposed to be providers and protectors in the family. Unfortunately or fortunately, in the modern family, the gender roles have undergone significant transformation. The roles of providing and protecting are no longer, solely, a man’s roles. Many women can work and thus provide for their families. Dating Dating is a new phenomenon in the Arab world whi ch is widely accepted and approved by younger generations. In traditional days, individuals did not engage in any form of romance until when married. In some instances, individuals only came to know of their spouses on the wedding day. Times have changed and young people these days have access to all sorts of information. From adolescence onwards, teens are keen on love related stories and episodes. Most of the young people I interacted with while investigating this subject understand fully well what dating is. My observations from general society are that Alkhobar is still conservative in its values about marriage, family and the expression of love. However, new conceptions of love are surely taking root. The new conception stipulates that love is something to be explored before it matures. The old conception was that love is ordained by God. When it comes to marriages, love was not emphasized but rather the purpose and divine ordination of the institution. Slowly, marriage as a co venant ordained by God is giving way. Many young people do not take marriage as being covenantal or as binding as it was traditionally believed; marriage is seen more as a mere contract that can be broken if it is not working. In our world of today, youths tend towards exploring and experimenting before settling down. As Jones and Wilson (350) explain, dating is taken as a crucial aspect or stage leading to marriage. Dating has also changed gradually all over the world. A date for young people is not just about going to some movie together or playing together or reading together.Advertising Looking for essay on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Due to proliferation of romantic literature, even youngsters want to play prince and princess charming with each other. From my interactions with fellow friends, I realize that many youths want to go all the way and even explore sex on dates. The trend is a little alarming for those who believe in sex outside marriage being a sin. It is also very discomforting because all caution is thrown to the wind by people who fear responsibility; the reason why they do not want to commit to marriage. Are premarital relationships necessary or unnecessary? This is a question for debate and it is a hot debate among scholars and religious leaders. Jones and Wilson (355-380) describe dating scenarios across the globe. From what they present it is clear that dating is accepted and encouraged worldwide. My interaction with fellow young people in Alkhobar city informs me that some engage in premarital relationships and a majority support dating. What is crucial is for each individual to understand wha t difference dating makes. Personally, I am convinced that dating has many benefits if approached responsibly. Responsible dating would mean individuals knowing their boundaries and appreciating need for respecting each other. Forced and Early Marriages A report based on a research by Dr. Shawky Milaat (1) indicates that 27% of marriages in Jeddah are early marriages. The report relates that early forced marriages are not just an exceptional case but a common practice in Saudi Arabia. I am sure, among us, we know many individuals who have been married off before their sixteenth birthday. Early marriage refers to the marrying off of young girls before at least age sixteen. It is a pity that some traditionalist parents still force their children into marriage. Arranged marriages are still a norm across the Arab World (Makki, 115). Here in Alkhobar there have been many cases of forced marriages. An arranged marriage is not necessarily a forced marriage. If a marriage is arranged and t he boy and girl consent to it as adults, it makes sense. What doesn’t make sense is case where against a child’s will (especially the girls) parents marry them off, sometimes to older men in society. In Islamic tradition, it is taught that a man has to seek the agreement of both the parents and the girl to a marriage (Cornell, 58). It is taught that silence from a girl whose consent has been sought implies acceptance. The teaching makes sense; it does not permit the forcing of a girl to get married if she has reservations and has communicated them. Many parents force their children into marriage so that they are paid dowry. This is against Islamic teaching because a parent is not permitted to use dowry paid on a child without the child’s permission or authorization. Temporal Marriages Come we stay or temporal marriages have for long been practiced around the world. In this kind of marriage, two individuals agree to live together exercising roles of husband and w ife for some time. Many agree to such an arrangement to gauge if they can live comfortably live as husband and wife or not. From the people I have interacted with, this kind of marriage is not practiced in Alkhobar. However, some of the visitors that come to Alkhobar are not formally married. Moreover, with social change due to western influence sweeping over most cultures around the world, it would not be surprising that future generations may tend towards this kind of arrangement. Temporal marriages were practiced among Arabs before conversion to Islam (Cornell, 127). Islam, like Christianity, aims at removing any ancient practices that do not serve the common good or the interest of individuals in the long run. Islam forbid temporal marriages and stipulates that men should marry a girl only after receiving the blessings of the girl’s parents (Nasr, 87). In any marriage there ought to be a trustee and at least two witnesses. Sex as per the Islamic faith is only permissible with ones duly or properly married wife. Sex in temporal marriage would be interpreted as fornication. The major factor that makes people to tend towards temporal marriages is expediency. People want to loose their cake and have it at the same time. Fear of commitment due to economic and general lifestyle issues lead people into preferring temporal arrangements. Unfortunately, the temporal arrangements end up not serving the needs of both partners. In often cases, it is the women that end up used and dumped by the men. Rather than treating each other with the respect that befits husband and wife, people in temporal arrangements treat each other as experimental objects. Their transitory nature means that individuals are not able to seriously focus on developmental issues as a couple. Why would one want to involve the partner fully if the arrangement is only temporal? Recommendations and Conclusion It has been established that there are general changes on perceptions or conceptions on marriage. The shift has been occasioned partly by globalization and changing economic circumstances (Nasr, 17). Globalization has facilitated closer interaction between cultures. The western culture which is more liberal is most appealing to youths than the traditional Arabic culture that is based on Islamic teaching. The shift to more liberal outlooks is both positive and alarming. There is a general perception among young people that traditional values are primitive and archaic (Nasr, 8). However, a closer inspection reveals that the traditional view points have some logical rationale that grounds them. Therefore, I would recommend creation of forums and programs that enable youths to discuss issues to do with family and marriage openly. The youths seem not to be keen about marriage. Rather than looking at marriage as a burden, people in authority should devise ways of educating young people about the purpose and beauty of marriage. Old customs that are not supportive to general wellbeing of individuals in this century ought to be revised. To identify the old customs that are not longer serving a good purpose, I recommend more tolerance and dialogue in the populace of Alkhobar city. Tolerance and dialogue can be nurtured and developed, if our leaders develop the will and interest. Works Cited Cornell, J. Vincent. Voices of Islam: Voices Of Life: Family, Home, and Society Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007. Dr. Shawky, Sherine, and Milaat Waleed. Cumulative Impact of Early Maternal Marital Age during the Childbearing Period. 1999. Wiley and son, Inc. 30th December, 2009. Web. Gary, Thomas. Sacred Marriage: What If God Designed Marriage to Make Us Holy More Than to Make Us Happy? Michigan: Zondervan, 2002. Jones, Judy, and Wilson William. An Incomplete Education: 3,684 Things You Should Have Learned But Probably Didn’t. 3rd Ed. New York: Ballantine Books, 2006. Makki, M. S. Medina, Saudi Arabia: A Geographic Analysis of the City and Region  UK: Avebury , 1982. Nasr, Hossein, Seyyed. The Heart of Islam: Enduring Values for Humanity  UK: Harper Collins, 2004. This essay on Marriage in Al-Khobar was written and submitted by user Esteban Henderson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Video Club Database Project Essay Example

Video Club Database Project Essay Oceanic Video Club is a private business, run by its owner Mr. Michael Coleman. Oceanic is a video club which is in the selling of films. The owner Mr. Michael has built up a large customer base and this is increasing year by year. The business is going well as the amount of clients is increasing. As Mr. Michael hold a list of customers on a paper-based filling system, so Mr. Michael does not worry about the client as they are being informed automatically. Consequently, he has decided to make an investment on a comprehensive customer information system so that he can hold details on his customers, who have been purchasing films in the last few years and now. Also to take their opinions about the video club so that he can offer his customers a better service.. An interview with Mr. Michael was arranged. These included: We will write a custom essay sample on Video Club Database Project specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Video Club Database Project specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Video Club Database Project specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The objectives of the business. The precise objectives of the new system. The method currently used to record data. The information that needs to be kept on each customer. Any hardware or software constraints. The required output. The volume of data to be processed. The problems with the new and manual system. 1. How many employees do you have? 2. Do you sell on credit or cash? 3. Do you have any problems with debtors? 4. What are the expenses which you make each year? 5. What types of music do you sell? 6. Do you own or rent this place? 7. What problems do you get with the manual system? 8. How much money are you ready to invest in the computerization? An interview with Mr. Michael was arranged and a lists of topics for discussion drawn up prior to the interview. These included: Self: How many copies do you have in your stock? Mr. Michael: I have about 1500 copies. Self: Do you sell on credit or cash? Mr. Michael: I work with both systems. Self: Do you have any problems with debtors? Mr. Michael: Yes as it is usually the case everywhere. Self: What are the expenses which you make each year? Mr. Michael: When films are damaged I incurred a loss. Self: What types of films do you sells? Mr. Michael: I sell all types of films. Self: Do you own or rent this place? Mr. I own this place. Self: What problems do you get with the manual system? Mr. Michael It is time consuming to fill records on paper and sometimes important documents are loss. Self: How much are you ready to invest in the computerization? Mr. Michael would invest about Rs30 000 in the new system. Summary of the interview A lots of problems with the new system has been revealed during the interviews, and the new objectives recommended was done but it was time consuming to take data from the old paper-based system and put it in the new system as their was more than 300 regular customer in the old system and with 50 new customers being added every year. Problems to current system 1. Loss of records. Solution A. Use of a cupboard. Advantage All the records will be arranged in the cupboard drawers. Disadvantage It takes a lot of place Solution B. Used of a computerised database. Advantage Access to the information is rapid and there is less likelihood of the data becoming lost. Disadvantage Training is needed to use the system and this takes time and cost a lot of money. 2. Contacting customers about new items. Solution A. By sending letter to customers. The objectives may be stated in both quantitative and qualitative terms. 1. It should take less than 30 seconds to establish whether a customer is already on file and to fill in new films records. 2. It should be possible to go directly to the main menu screen to the entry of a transaction, without having to re-enter the customers name, etc 3. Data entry should be as fast and easy as possible, particularly as there are several hundred existing customers and music to be entered when the system is first installed. 4. It should take less than one minute to trace music for a customer. 5. The new system is required to provide the following information; a) A list of all available music. b) A list of all customers. 6. The main menu should be displayed automatically when the database is loaded, and the whole system should be menu-driven. The following is the data flow of the proposed system. The system to be developed is a customer information system, and is intended to enhance rather than replace the current system of recording music and customers records. If this proves successful, it will be possible at a future date to replace the current methods of recording records so that the details are typed directly into the computer and the required copies printed out. This could then be extended to link into a computerized accounts system. Software The customer has requested that the system be developed using Ms Access, so useless a good reason transpired for using an alternative program or package Ms Access will be the first choice of software. Hardware In order to run Ms Access and be able to perform a mail merge using word, a PC 486 or Pentium with a minimum of 8 MB, and preferably 16 MB, will be required. A fast processor such as a P4 will be needed if the system is not going to appear slow in switching between screens. Mr. Ah-Young is familiar with word and has a good keyboard skill, so should have no problem entering data and learning how to use the system. He would like to improve his knowledge of basic so that he can in the future perform new queries and reports as the need arises. A database package will be ideal for implementing the system for Power Music Shop, and as Mr. Ah-Young has requested that it should be done in Ms Access. This is the package that must be used. It would probably be possible to implement the system using Ms Access or another programming language but it would take longer time and would involve the owner having to buy more software which is not really necessary, as Ms Access has all the capabilities required. I already have some experience of Ms Access and it is available both at home and at college for development. Using this package it will be possible to * Set up the necessary tables and relationships. * Produced customized input screens, using Ms Access to automate data entry wherever possible and to perform various validations. * Use Ms Access modules to enable fast searches for a particular Customer and past stay. * Design reports as needed. The database contains two entities, which are CUSTOMER and MUSIC. Tables will be created for each of the entities. Tables will be created for each of these entities. The tables will contain the following data. Attribute Name Data type and length Validation Film code Text (4) Unique primary key Title Text (50) Actor Text (50) Actress Text (50) Type Text (20) Number of copies Numeric (2) Duration Text (6) Attribute Name Data type and length Validation Code Text (4) Unique primary key Name Text (20) Other Names Text (20) Date Of Birth Text (8) Sex Text (6) Address Text (50) Tel number Text (7) ID Card Number Text (16) Two data entry form are needed. This form will be used for several purposes so it needs facilities to * Check to see whether a Customer is already on the database. * Add a new Customer. * Look though all the existing records for the current Customer and bring up more details if necessary. The Customer details form will be as shown on the next page. This form will be used for several purposes so it needs facilities to * Check to see whether music is already on the database. * Add a new music * Look though all the existing records for the current music and bring up more details if necessary. The music details form will be as shown on the next page. Customer File FILM File The format of all the reports will be similar. The layout of the Customer report is shown below. The menu structure is as follows: A password will be attached to the database so that it is only accessible to someone who knows the password. Different access levels are not needed as Mr. Pascal is the only person who will be using the database. 9. Test Strategy The test strategy will include five different types of testing as described below: LOGICAL TESTING This will be used to test every aspect of each form, report and query as soon as it is implemented, using valid, invalid and extreme data. Test data will be added to test each code module and results compared with expected results. Sufficient data will be added to ensure that there is at least one customer in each category. The test data that will be added initially is shown in Appendix. Subsequent test will often involve adding new data, which will then be deleted when the test works satisfactorily. FUNCTIONAL TESTING Each menu item will be tested in turn to ensure that no function has been missed out. SYSTEM TESTING When the system is complete, the whole range of tests will be carried out again to ensure that no errors have been introduced. RECOVERY TESTING The computer will be re-booted while the database is open to ensure that data is not lost or corrupted in the event of a power of a power failure. ACCEPTANCE TESTING The user will then be involved and asked to test all the capabilities of the program to ensure that all request functions are presented and working in the manner expected. This testing may result in further refinements. SECTION 3 TESTING TEST PLAN Module: Password Menu TEST NO. TEST EXPECTED RESULT REMARKS 1 Insert correct password and click on Login Main Menu should appear on the screen. OK 2 Insert incorrect password and click on Login A message saying wrong password should appear on the screen. OK Module: Main Menu TEST NO. TEST EXPECTED RESULT REMARKS 1 Click on Customer File command button. Item File must appear on the screen. OK 2 Click on Film File command button. Customer File must appear on the screen. OK Module: Film File TEST NO. TEST EXPECTED RESULT REMARKS 1 Click on Add command button. Must be able to add a record. OK 2 Click on Save command button Must be able to save a record. OK 3 Click on Delete command button. Must be able to delete a record. OK 4 Click on Back to Main Menu command button. Main Menu must appear on the screen. OK Module: Customer File TEST NO. TEST EXPECTED RESULT REMARKS 1 Click on Add command button. Must be able to add a record. OK 2 Click on Save command button Must be able to save a record. OK 3 Click on Delete command button. Must be able to delete a record. OK 4 Click on Back to Main Menu command button. Main Menu must appear on the screen. OK SECTION 4 SYSTEM MAINTENANCE 1. SYSTEM OVERVIEW This Customer information system is designed to keep records of Customer profiles and their past purchases. It is designed to run alongside the current manual system of recording purchases, rather than replacing it. The computer will be in the reception and the owner can use it to check whether a customer who comes in is already on the database, or to check on past purchases. New data will be added to the database at a convenient time, possibly at the end of the week. The procedure that the user will fellow is described in the design section. 2. TABLES AND RELATIONSHIPS Tables and relationships were set up as specified in the design section. 3. FORMS The menu structure was set up as specified in the design section. Forms were used as follows: Main Menu This is specified as the start-up form and loads automatically when database is opened. All buttons either opening other form or reports, or quitting the database, were placed using wizards. Report Menu All buttons placed using wizards. Maximise macro runs on opening form. Input Forms The Customer details form has a combo box displaying Customer codes so that the user can look up the record for any Customer. The record source for this box is the database. 4. REPORTS These are as described in the user manual. All reports were created using wizards and then tailored to produce a more appropriate layout. SECTION 5 USER DOCUMENTATION Initial set up Password Menu The Password menu is automatically started when the database is loaded. The password is case sensitive but it will only accept OCEANIC. Main Menu The Main Menu will automatically appear when you enter the password. Film File Add a new record In order to add a new record, click on Add new and after adding all the information, click on Save Record. Viewing a record To view a record, find it using the Find record list box. Deleting a record To delete a record, first find it using the Find record list box, change the information and click on Delete record. View a report In order to view a report, click on Film Report. Customer File Add a new record In order to add a new record, click on Add new and after adding all the information, click on Save Record. Viewing a record To view a record, find it using the Find record list box. Deleting a record To delete a record, first find it using the Find record list box, change the information and click on Delete record. View a report In order to view a report, click on Customer Report. SECTION 6 APPRAISAL The system has been completed and installed on the users PC. It was completed in the manner originally designed and agreed with the user, and is straightforward to use. Referring to the original objectives listed in the Analysis section: 1. It should take less than 30 seconds to establish whether a film or a customer is already in the database. 2. It should be possible to go directly from the film files screen to the entry of a new film. 3. Data entry is as fast and easy as possible. 4. The new system provides the following information. a) List of all films. b) List of all customers. 5. The main menu should be displayed automatically when the program is loaded and the whole system should be menu driven 6. Mr. Pascal had some problems initially with data entry, confusing Items and customers, as this aspect works a little differently from the manual system. However he has now entered data for over 100 items and has no problems to report. 7. All reports are implemented as specified. 8. The menus work as planned. SECTION 7 APPENDIX Password Menu Private Sub Login_Click() On Error GoTo Err_Login_Click Dim stDocName As String Dim stLinkCriteria As String Text1.SetFocus If Text1.Text = OCEANIC Then stDocName = Mainmenu DoCmd.OpenForm stDocName, , , stLinkCriteria Else MsgBox (Wrong Password) End If Exit_Login_Click: Exit Sub Err_Login_Click: MsgBox Err.Description Resume Exit_Login_Click End Sub Private Sub Exit_Click() On Error GoTo Err_Exit_Click DoCmd.Close Exit_Exit_Click: Exit Sub Err_Exit_Click: MsgBox Err.Description Resume Exit_Exit_Click End Sub Main Menu Private Sub Exit_Click() On Error GoTo Err_Exit_Click DoCmd.Close Exit_Exit_Click: Exit Sub Err_Exit_Click: MsgBox Err.Description Resume Exit_Exit_Click End Sub FilmFile Private Sub Add_Record_Click() On Error GoTo Err_Add_Record_Click DoCmd.GoToRecord , , acNewRec Exit_Add_Record_Click: Exit Sub Err_Add_Record_Click: MsgBox Err.Description Resume Exit_Add_Record_Click End Sub Private Sub Delete_Record_Click() On Error GoTo Err_Delete_Record_Click DoCmd.DoMenuItem acFormBar, acEditMenu, 8, , acMenuVer70 DoCmd.DoMenuItem acFormBar, acEditMenu, 6, , acMenuVer70 Exit_Delete_Record_Click: Exit Sub Err_Delete_Record_Click: MsgBox Err.Description Resume Exit_Delete_Record_Click End Sub Private Sub Save_Record_Click() On Error GoTo Err_Save_Record_Click DoCmd.DoMenuItem acFormBar, acRecordsMenu, acSaveRecord, , acMenuVer70 Exit_Save_Record_Click: Exit Sub Err_Save_Record_Click: MsgBox Err.Description Resume Exit_Save_Record_Click End Sub Private Sub Film_Report_Click() On Error GoTo Err_Film_Report_Click Dim stDocName As String stDocName = Film Report DoCmd.OpenReport stDocName, acPreview Exit_Film_Report_Click: Exit Sub Err_Film_Report_Click: MsgBox Err.Description Resume Exit_Film_Report_Click End Sub Private Sub Back_Click() On Error GoTo Err_Back_Click Dim stDocName As String Dim stLinkCriteria As String stDocName = Main Menu DoCmd.OpenForm stDocName, , , stLinkCriteria Exit_Back_Click: Exit Sub Err_Back_Click: MsgBox Err.Description Resume Exit_Back_Click End Sub Customer File Private Sub Add_Record_Click() On Error GoTo Err_Add_Record_Click DoCmd.GoToRecord , , acNewRec Exit_Add_Record_Click: Exit Sub Err_Add_Record_Click: MsgBox Err.Description Resume Exit_Add_Record_Click End Sub Private Sub Delete_Record_Click() On Error GoTo Err_Delete_Record_Click DoCmd.DoMenuItem acFormBar, acEditMenu, 8, , acMenuVer70 DoCmd.DoMenuItem acFormBar, acEditMenu, 6, , acMenuVer70 Exit_Delete_Record_Click: Exit Sub Err_Delete_Record_Click: MsgBox Err.Description Resume Exit_Delete_Record_Click End Sub Private Sub Save_Record_Click() On Error GoTo Err_Save_Record_Click DoCmd.DoMenuItem acFormBar, acRecordsMenu, acSaveRecord, , acMenuVer70 Exit_Save_Record_Click: Exit Sub Err_Save_Record_Click: MsgBox Err.Description Resume Exit_Save_Record_Click End Sub Private Sub Customer_Report_Click() On Error GoTo Err_Customer_Report_Click Dim stDocName As String stDocName = Customer Report DoCmd.OpenReport stDocName, acPreview Exit_Customer_Report_Click: Exit Sub Err_Customer_Report_Click: MsgBox Err.Description Resume Exit_Customer_Report_Click End Sub Private Sub Back_Click() On Error GoTo Err_Back_Click Dim stDocName As String Dim stLinkCriteria As String stDocName = Main Menu DoCmd.OpenForm stDocName, , , stLinkCriteria Exit_Back_Click: Exit Sub Err_Back_Click: MsgBox Err.Description Resume Exit_Back_Click End Sub

Free Essays on Inertia

Newtons' first law of motion is also known as the law of inertia, which states that any object in a state of rest or of uniform linear motion tends to remain in such a state unless acted upon by an unbalanced external force. In effect, this is a definition of equilibrium; the branch of physics that treats equilibrium situations is statics. The tendency for matter to maintain its state of motion is known as inertia. The inertia of a body is its tendency to resist acceleration, or change in its velocity. The mass of a body is a quantitative measure of its inertia. Thus, a very massive object, such as a steamship, requires a significant force acting for considerable time in order to bring it either to a stop or up to speed, whereas a relatively light object, such as a table-tennis ball, requires little effort to change its velocity. A rotating body has the same tendency to maintain its state of rotational motion that a body moving in a straight line has to maintain its linear motion. The moment of inertia is a measure of a body's resistance to changes in rotation rate. Specifically, torque T and angular acceleration  ¦ are related through the moment of inertia I by the equation T = I ¦, just as force f and acceleration a are related through the mass m by the equation f = ma. The relationship of the f to the angular acceleration can be seen in graph1. This shows us that there in no relationship between the force of an object and its angular acceleration. Graph2 illustrates the linear relationship between the torque of an object and the angular acceleration. In this graph there is a definite linear equation to produce an ideal relation. The moment of inertia depends not only on the mass of the body but also on the distribution of mass relative to the axis. This distribution accounts for the fact that objects of various shapes with the same masses and diameters (such as sphere, solid cylinder, hollow cylinder, or wheel and axle) will no... Free Essays on Inertia Free Essays on Inertia Newtons' first law of motion is also known as the law of inertia, which states that any object in a state of rest or of uniform linear motion tends to remain in such a state unless acted upon by an unbalanced external force. In effect, this is a definition of equilibrium; the branch of physics that treats equilibrium situations is statics. The tendency for matter to maintain its state of motion is known as inertia. The inertia of a body is its tendency to resist acceleration, or change in its velocity. The mass of a body is a quantitative measure of its inertia. Thus, a very massive object, such as a steamship, requires a significant force acting for considerable time in order to bring it either to a stop or up to speed, whereas a relatively light object, such as a table-tennis ball, requires little effort to change its velocity. A rotating body has the same tendency to maintain its state of rotational motion that a body moving in a straight line has to maintain its linear motion. The moment of inertia is a measure of a body's resistance to changes in rotation rate. Specifically, torque T and angular acceleration  ¦ are related through the moment of inertia I by the equation T = I ¦, just as force f and acceleration a are related through the mass m by the equation f = ma. The relationship of the f to the angular acceleration can be seen in graph1. This shows us that there in no relationship between the force of an object and its angular acceleration. Graph2 illustrates the linear relationship between the torque of an object and the angular acceleration. In this graph there is a definite linear equation to produce an ideal relation. The moment of inertia depends not only on the mass of the body but also on the distribution of mass relative to the axis. This distribution accounts for the fact that objects of various shapes with the same masses and diameters (such as sphere, solid cylinder, hollow cylinder, or wheel and axle) will no...

Importance of Names in Lawrences The Book of Negroes Essay

Importance of Names in Lawrences The Book of Negroes - Essay Example Lawrence Hill through his writing techniques makes it very easy for our reading even as the heroine, Aminata Diallo is stolen from her small African village as a young girl and forced to cross the â€Å"big river†, while having to keep up with the harsh cruelty of travel through slave ship, being sold to sugarcane plantation owners in South Carolina and again being re-sold, while having her beloved husband on yet another plantation. Aminata’s husband risks his life and visits her quite often. While travelling to Nova Scotia, Aminata dreams of her child and her wishes of returning home to Africa one day. In her map, Aminata only sees Africa as composed of various wild animals including elephants and monkeys and women who are bare-breast. With her brave resistance, her skills in midwifery, reading and writing abilities and a steadfast desire to stay alive, Aminata finds the name of her homeland and travels there, finally making her last voyage to England, where she uses h er life story as a sign to empower people against slave trade. In this book, Lawrence Hill uses the title of his book â€Å"Someone Knows my name† to create a long lasting impression in the minds of his audience on the effects of slavery and how young and brave female persons resisted oppression. The story underscores a story of a female slave called Aminata and her painful journey through life and how she undergoes a series of name changing identifying circumstances just to stay afloat during the slavery days. In this book, Lawrence emphasizes that names are truly the beginning of a life’s long journey, it is what a person refers you by and it is applicable to someone’s life in very many different ways. Although names can also be common and bear significance to a certain aspect of life, the name in which Lawrence has chosen in his novel of places, people, objects and cultures bear a very practical relevance as regards to how a person perceives the other during an initial encounter. Names have a contributing factor on a pers on’s character and personality. The importance of names has been displayed in the novel by the various characters and personality characteristics that the author has provided to the characters. More importantly, Aminata comes out as a strong character in displaying the significance of names towards resistance against oppression. At the beginning of the story, the author describes how Aminata was captured into slave trade only to part of the resistance at later years joining the Black loyalists in their final journey to Nova Scotia, then a decade later she is still one of the thousands of Black loyalists in the Black-Africa movement who made their way into Sierra Leone. Initially, as a very young girl she rejects her father’s intentions to teach her in reading Koran. Later in her captivity, the spirit of determination is reinforced in her by observing Fanta’s rebellious behaviors, who acts as a yard stick for her determination and foundation for future involvemen ts in resistance. Her spirit of resistance grows stronger as Bilton also convinces her in organizing shipboard revolution. Although the revolt fails and many people are killed, Amanita and others survive this revolution by sheer force of will. At the same time, the doctor attempts to rape Amanita during Atlantic crossing, but she resists and able to discourage him by threatening him using spiritual retribution saying, â€Å"Don’t do that, or my father will return from the dead to